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Home > About PET Plastic > Frequently Asked Questions > PET Safety FAQs
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Compiled below are some of NAPCOR's most frequently asked questions about PET safety and the
answers to them. If you have additional questions that are not answered below, please
contact NAPCOR. Also see: PET Recycling FAQs.
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| View IBWA Statement on PET bottles in Hot or Cold Conditions, May 2009 | |
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| Yes. There are no dangers inherent in the freezing of PET bottles, and absolutely no truth to the internet-circulated rumors that dioxins are leached from frozen PET bottles into bottle contents. Dioxin is a chlorine-containing chemical that has no role or presence in the chemistry of PET plastic. Furthermore, dioxins are part of a family of chemical compounds formed only by combustion at temperatures well above 700 degrees Fahrenheit -- not at room temperature or below. PET packaging is selected by companies because it is safe, recyclable, convenient and suitable for food and beverage. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has reviewed migration testing data and concluded the PET containers do not leach harmful amounts of substances into their contents under foreseeable conditions of use. For additional information about plastics rumors, visit www.PlasticsMythBuster.org. | |
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| Yes. The idea that PET bottles "leach" chemicals when heated in hot cars is not based on any science, and is unsubstantiated by any credible evidence. This allegation has been perpetuated by emails until it has become an urban legend, but it just isn't so. | |
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| No. There is no connection between PET plastic and Bis-phenol A.
Bis-phenol A is not used in the production of PET material, nor is it used as a chemical building block for any of the materials used in the manufacture of PET. Bis-phenol A is used to make polycarbonate, a different plastic from PET. | |
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| No. "Phthalates" (pronounced THA-lates) are a class of chemicals that include three subsets, each with different properties. PET or polyethylene terephthalate belongs to one of these phthalate subsets, but not the one most commonly associated with the term.
Orthophthalate is the phthalate subset most commonly referenced and discussed in popular literature and on internet sites; it has been the subject of some negative press. Often used to make various plastics more flexible, this type of phthalate is also called a plasticizer.
PET does not contain plasticizers or orthophthalates. Plasticizers are never substituted for terephthalates used in the manufacturer of PET, nor are the two ever mixed.
PET packaging is selected by companies for a wide variety of product applications because it is safe, strong, shatter-proof, and recyclable. | |
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| Antimony is often used as a catalyst in the production of PET plastic. Catalysts speed chemical reactions and are commonly used in manufacturing to ensure that a process happens fast enough to make it commercially practical.
Antimony was chosen based on its performance against various selection criteria, including effectiveness as a catalyst; productivity; safety, few, if any, adverse effects; and an acceptable overall cost. Antimony, used in PET as the oxide of antimony, has been used and researched for decades. Metallic antimony is not used.
In the science of toxic effects (toxicology), two key factors are used to determine a hazard: 1) How dangerous is the material?, and 2) How much of the material is released? A 1997 study showed that antimony oxide has very low toxicity.1 The compound is relatively inert and does not participate in biological life. As for how much antimony oxide is released from PET, long-term studies indicate that it's very little. A report by the International Life Sciences Institute showed "less than five parts per billion" being released into liquid contents.2 This is compliant with the Environmental Protection Agency's National Primary Drinking Water Standard.
Multiplied together, antimony oxide's very low toxicity combined with very low occurrence means very, very low risk. Its use in PET does not endanger workers, consumers, or the environment.
1 APME technical dossier on The Toxicological Properties of Antimony Oxide, 1997, subject of a petition to the EU Scientific Committee on Food (SCF)
2 Report on Packaging Materials: 1. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) for Food Packaging Applications, International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC and Brussels, Belgium
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A guide to setting up PET recycling programs outside of the conventional curbside and drop-off programs.
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